Ott Icupa, igitugu
Ijosi nigitugu nibyo bihuza nibice byinzibacyuho hagati yumucupa numubiri wicupa. Bikwiye gushushanywa ukurikije imiterere na kamere yibirimo, bigahuzwa nuburyo, ingano yimiterere nimbaraga zisabwa mumacupa. Muri icyo gihe, ingorane zo gucupa zikora imashini zikora no kuzuza nazo zigomba gutekerezwa. Reba ubwoko bwa kashe igomba gukoreshwa muguhitamo imbere imbere ya diameter. Isano iri hagati ya diametre yimbere yumunwa wicupa nubushobozi bwicupa nuburyo bwo gufunga ikoreshwa kurutonde.
Niba ibirimo bizaba byangiritse munsi yumuyaga usigaye mu icupa rifunze, gusa ubwoko bwicupa hamwe na diameter ntoya imbere aho amazi ashobora gukoreshwa umwuka.
Icya kabiri, ugomba kwihatira gukora ibikubiye mu icupa bishobora gusukwa neza mubindi bikoresho, bifite akamaro kanini kubinyobwa, imiti n'amacupa ya alcool. Igihe cyose inzibacyuho iva mubice binini byumubiri wicupa ikajya mwijosi ryicupa byatoranijwe neza, amazi arashobora gusukwa mumacupa atuje. Icupa rifite buhoro buhoro kandi ryoroshye kuva mumacupa yerekeza mwijosi bituma amazi asukwa atuje cyane. Umwuka winjira mu icupa utera guhagarika umuvuduko w'amazi, bigatuma bigorana gusuka amazi mubindi bikoresho. Birashoboka gusa mugihe ibyo bita ikirere cyumuyaga kivugana nikirere gikikije kugirango usukemo amazi atuje mumacupa hamwe nimpinduka zitunguranye ziva mumacupa zijya mwijosi.
Niba ibiri mu icupa bitaringaniye, igice kiremereye kizarohama buhoro buhoro. Muri iki gihe, icupa hamwe ninzibacyuho itunguranye kuva mumacupa yumubiri kugeza ku ijosi bigomba gutoranywa byumwihariko, kubera ko igice kiremereye cyibirimo gitandukanijwe byoroshye nibindi bice mugihe usukamo nubu bwoko bwicupa.
Imiterere isanzwe y ijosi nigitugu irerekanwa mumashusho 6-26.
Imiterere y'ijosi ry'icupa ihujwe n'ijosi ry'icupa hamwe n'igitugu cy'icupa hepfo, bityo umurongo w'ishusho y'ijosi ry'icupa urashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: umurongo w'ijosi ryo mu kanwa, umurongo wo hagati w'ijosi n'umurongo w'igitugu. impinduka hamwe nimpinduka.
Imiterere n'umurongo bihinduka ijosi ry'icupa n'imiterere yabyo biterwa nuburyo rusange bw icupa, rishobora kugabanywa muburyo butagira ijosi (verisiyo yagutse yo kurya), ubwoko bw ijosi rigufi (ibinyobwa) nijosi rirerire ubwoko (vino). Ubwoko butagira ijosi muri rusange buhujwe nu murongo uhuza umurongo wigitugu, mugihe ubwoko bwijosi bugufi bufite ijosi rigufi. Imirongo igororotse, convex arcs cyangwa arc arcs ikoreshwa kenshi; kubwoko burebure bw'ijosi, urunigi ni rurerure, rushobora guhindura cyane imiterere y'urunigi, urunigi n'umurongo-ibitugu, bizatuma icupa riba rishya. Umva. Ihame ryibanze nuburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere ni ukugereranya ubunini, inguni, hamwe nuburinganire bwa buri gice cy ijosi wongeyeho kandi ukuramo. Iri gereranya ntabwo ari ugereranya ijosi ubwaryo, ahubwo rigomba no kwita ku mibanire itandukanye n'imiterere rusange y'icupa. Guhuza umubano. Kuburyo bw'icupa rigomba gushyirwaho ikirango cy'ijosi, hagomba kwitonderwa imiterere n'uburebure bw'ikirango.
Hejuru yigitugu cya icupa ihujwe nijosi ryicupa naho hepfo ihujwe numubiri wicupa, kikaba ari igice cyingenzi cyimiterere yumucupa.
Umurongo wigitugu urashobora kugabanywamo "urutugu ruringaniye", "gutera urutugu", "urutugu rucuramye", "igitugu cyubwiza" n "" igitugu gikandagiye ". Imiterere itandukanye yigitugu irashobora kubyara imiterere itandukanye yigitugu binyuze mubihinduka muburebure, inguni nu mugongo wibitugu.
Imiterere itandukanye yigitugu cyicupa igira ingaruka zitandukanye kumbaraga za kontineri.
Umubiri w'icupa
Umubiri w'icupa nuburyo nyamukuru bwibikoresho byikirahure, kandi imiterere yabyo irashobora kuba itandukanye. Igicapo 6-28 cerekana uburyo butandukanye bwigice cambukiranya umubiri w icupa. Nyamara, muri ubu buryo, gusa uruziga rwatsindagirijwe kimwe ruzengurutse, hamwe nimbaraga nziza zubaka nuburyo bwiza bwo gukora, kandi amazi yikirahure yoroshye kuyakwirakwiza neza. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byibirahure bigomba kwihanganira umuvuduko mubisanzwe bizenguruka mubice byambukiranya. Igicapo 6-29 cerekana uburyo butandukanye bwamacupa yinzoga. Nuburyo diameter ihagaritse ihinduka, igice cyayo cyambukiranya.
Mugihe utegura amacupa yihariye, ubwoko bwicupa nubugari bwurukuta bigomba gutoranywa neza kandi bigakorwa ukurikije icyerekezo gihangayikishije kurukuta rwibicuruzwa. Gukwirakwiza stresse murukuta rwa tetrahedral. Uruziga rudomo mu ishusho rugereranya umurongo wa zeru, umurongo utudomo ku mfuruka enye uhuye n’inyuma y’uruziga ugereranya impagarara zikaze, naho imirongo yerekana utudomo ihuye n'inkuta enye ziri mu ruziga byerekana guhangayika.
Usibye amacupa yihariye adasanzwe (amacupa ya infusion, amacupa ya antibiotique, nibindi), ibipimo byapakira ibirahuri byubu (ibipimo byigihugu, amahame yinganda) bifite amabwiriza yihariye yubunini bwumubiri. Kugirango ukore isoko, ibikoresho byinshi bipakira ibirahure, Uburebure ntibusobanutse, gusa kwihanganira bihuye. Ariko, mugihe utegura imiterere y icupa, usibye gusuzuma uburyo bushoboka bwo gukora imiterere no kubahiriza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, ergonomique nayo igomba gutekerezwa, ni ukuvuga kunoza imiterere nimirimo ijyanye numuntu.
Kugirango ikiganza cyumuntu gikore kumiterere yikintu, ubugari bwubugari bwikiganza nigikorwa cyikiganza bigomba gutekerezwa, kandi ibipimo byo gupima bijyanye nikiganza bigomba gusuzumwa mugushushanya. Igipimo cyabantu nimwe mumibare yibanze mubushakashatsi bwa ergonomique. Diameter yikintu igenwa nubushobozi bwa kontineri. 5cm。 Usibye kubikoresho kubintu byihariye, mubisanzwe, diameter ntarengwa yikintu ntigomba kuba munsi ya 5. 5cm. Iyo diameter ntarengwa irenze 9cm, ibikoresho byabigenewe bizanyerera byoroshye. Ibikoresho bya diametre biringaniye, kugirango bigire ingaruka zikomeye. Diameter n'uburebure bwa kontineri nabyo bifitanye isano no gufata imbaraga. Birakenewe gukoresha kontineri ifite imbaraga nini zo gufata, hanyuma ugashyiraho intoki zawe zose mugihe uyifashe. Kubwibyo, uburebure bwa kontineri bugomba kuba burebure kuruta ubugari bwikiganza; kubintu bidasaba gufata cyane, ukeneye gusa gushyira intoki zikenewe kuri kontineri, cyangwa ugakoresha ikiganza cyawe kugirango uyifate, kandi uburebure bwikintu bushobora kuba bugufi.
Agatsinsino
Agatsinsino k'icupa nigice gihuza igice cyinzibacyuho hagati yumucupa nu icupa, kandi imiterere yacyo muri rusange yubahiriza ibikenewe muburyo rusange. Nyamara, imiterere y'agatsinsino k'icupa igira uruhare runini ku mbaraga z'icupa. Imiterere yinzibacyuho nto arc hepfo y icupa irakoreshwa. Imbaraga zihagaritse imbaraga zimiterere ni ndende, kandi gukanika imashini hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro birakennye. Umubyimba wo hasi uratandukanye kandi guhangayika imbere. Iyo ikubiswe nubukanishi cyangwa ubushyuhe bwumuriro, biroroshye cyane gucamo hano. Icupa ryahinduwe hamwe arc nini, kandi igice cyo hepfo gihujwe nicupa hepfo muburyo bwo gusubira inyuma. Imyitwarire yimbere yimiterere ni nto, ihungabana ryumukanishi, ihungabana ryumuriro nimbaraga zamazi ni byinshi, kandi imbaraga zumutwaro uhagaritse nazo ni nziza. Umubiri w'icupa hamwe nu icupa hepfo ni imiterere ihuza inzibacyuho, ifite ingaruka nziza zumukanishi nimbaraga zumuriro, ariko imbaraga zidasanzwe zumutwaro hamwe nimbaraga zamazi.
Ott Hasi y'icupa
Hasi y'icupa riri hepfo y'icupa kandi rifite uruhare rwo gushyigikira ikintu. Imbaraga no gutuza munsi y icupa ni ngombwa cyane. Ibirahure by'icupa ry'ikirahuri muri rusange byashizweho kugirango bibe byoroshye, bishobora kugabanya aho bihurira mu ndege ihuza kandi bikongera umutekano. Hasi y'icupa hamwe n'agatsinsino k'icupa bifata inzibacyuho ya arc, kandi arc nini nini yinzibacyuho ni ingirakamaro mu kuzamura imbaraga z'icupa kandi irashobora. Iradiyo yimfuruka hepfo y icupa irumvikana cyane kubyara umusaruro. Inguni zizengurutse zigenwa nuburyo bwo guhuza umubiri wububiko hamwe hepfo. Niba ihuriro ryibumba ryibumba hamwe nubutaka bwububiko buringaniye kuri axis yibicuruzwa, ni ukuvuga, kuva mu mfuruka yazengurutse ukajya mu icupa umubiri utambitse, birasabwa gukoresha ibipimo bijyanye n’uruziga ruzengurutse .
Ukurikije imiterere yo munsi y icupa ryabonetse muribi bipimo, ibintu byo gusenyuka kwicupa birashobora kwirindwa mugihe urukuta rwicupa ruto.
Niba impande zegeranye zakozwe ku mubiri wububiko, ni ukuvuga umubiri wububiko wakozwe nuburyo bwitwa extrusion, nibyiza gufata ubunini buzengurutse buringaniye bwicupa. Kuri ibyo bicuruzwa bisaba urukuta runini ruzengurutse munsi y icupa, ibipimo biri kumeza iri hejuru nabyo birahari. Niba hari ikirahure cyikirahure hafi yinzibacyuho kuva munsi y icupa ujya kumubiri wicupa, munsi yibicuruzwa ntibizasenyuka.
Ibice bibiri bizengurutse bikwiranye nibicuruzwa bifite diameter nini. Akarusho nuko ishobora kwihanganira neza umuvuduko uterwa nihungabana ryimbere ryikirahure. Ku ngingo zifite ishingiro, gupima impagarara zimbere byerekanaga ko ikirahuri kumpande zegeranye cyari muri compression aho kuba impagarara. Niba ikorewe umutwaro uhetamye, ikirahure ntigishobora kwihanganira.
Hasi ya convex irashobora kwemeza neza ibicuruzwa. Imiterere nubunini byayo mubyukuri bikozwe muburyo butandukanye, bitewe n'ubwoko bw'icupa n'imashini ikora amacupa.
Ariko, niba arc ari nini cyane, agace gashyigikiwe kazagabanuka kandi icupa rihamye. Ukurikije imiterere yubwiza bwicupa kandi irashobora, ubunini bwikibanza cyicupa bushingiye kumubyimba muto wibanze wicupa nkuko bisabwa kubishushanyo mbonera, hamwe nikigereranyo cyubunini bwikibuto. isobanuwe, kandi uharanire kugira itandukaniro rito hagati yubugari bwu munsi w icupa no kugabanya imihangayiko yimbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-15-2022