inzabibu za kare
Ubu bushyuhe bwo mu mpeshyi bwahumuye amaso benshi mu bashoramari b’abavinyu b’Abafaransa, inzabibu zeze hakiri kare mu buryo bukabije, bituma batangira gutora icyumweru cyangwa ibyumweru bitatu mbere.
François Capdellayre, umuyobozi w’uruganda rwa divayi rwa Dom Brial i Baixa, Pyrénées-Orientales, yagize ati: “Twese twatunguwe no kubona ko inzabibu zeze vuba vuba kuruta mu bihe byashize.”
Nkuko byatangajwe na benshi nka François Capdellayre, Fabre, perezida wigenga wa Vignerons, yatangiye gutora inzabibu zera ku ya 8 Kanama, ibyumweru bibiri mbere yumwaka ushize. Ubushyuhe bwihutishije injyana yo gukura kw'ibimera kandi bukomeza kugira ingaruka ku mizabibu yayo i Fitou, mu ishami rya Aude.
“Ubushyuhe bwa saa sita buri hagati ya 36 ° C na 37 ° C, n'ubushyuhe nijoro ntibuzagabanuka munsi ya 27 ° C.” Fabre yasobanuye ikirere kiriho kitigeze kibaho.
Umuhinzi Jérôme Despey mu ishami rya Hérault agira ati: “Mu myaka irenga 30, ntabwo natangiye gutora ku ya 9 Kanama.
inzabibu za kare
Ubu bushyuhe bwo mu mpeshyi bwahumuye amaso benshi mu bashoramari b’abavinyu b’Abafaransa, inzabibu zeze hakiri kare mu buryo bukabije, bituma batangira gutora icyumweru cyangwa ibyumweru bitatu mbere.
François Capdellayre, umuyobozi w’uruganda rwa divayi rwa Dom Brial i Baixa, Pyrénées-Orientales, yagize ati: “Twese twatunguwe no kubona ko inzabibu zeze vuba vuba kuruta mu bihe byashize.”
Nkuko byatangajwe na benshi nka François Capdellayre, Fabre, perezida wigenga wa Vignerons, yatangiye gutora inzabibu zera ku ya 8 Kanama, ibyumweru bibiri mbere yumwaka ushize. Ubushyuhe bwihutishije injyana yo gukura kw'ibimera kandi bukomeza kugira ingaruka ku mizabibu yayo i Fitou, mu ishami rya Aude.
“Ubushyuhe bwa saa sita buri hagati ya 36 ° C na 37 ° C, n'ubushyuhe nijoro ntibuzagabanuka munsi ya 27 ° C.” Fabre yasobanuye ikirere kiriho kitigeze kibaho.
Umuhinzi Jérôme Despey mu ishami rya Hérault agira ati: “Mu myaka irenga 30, ntabwo natangiye gutora ku ya 9 Kanama.
Pierre Champetier wo muri Ardèche yagize ati: “Imyaka mirongo ine irashize, twatangiye gutoragura nko ku ya 20 Nzeri. Niba umuzabibu ubuze amazi, uzuma kandi uhagarike gukura, hanyuma uhagarike gutanga intungamubiri, kandi igihe ubushyuhe burenze dogere selisiyusi 38, inzabibu. tangira 'gutwika', uhungabanye mu bwinshi no mu bwiza, kandi ubushyuhe burashobora kuzamura inzoga ku rugero ruri hejuru cyane ku baguzi. ”
Pierre Champetier yavuze ko “bibabaje cyane” kuba ikirere gishyushye cyatumye inzabibu hakiri kare.
Ariko, hariho n'inzabibu zimwe na zimwe zitigeze zihura nikibazo cyo kwera hakiri kare. Ku mizabibu ikora vino itukura ya Hérault, imirimo yo gutoranya izakomeza gutangira mu ntangiriro za Nzeri mu myaka yashize, kandi ibintu byihariye bizatandukana bitewe n’imvura.
Rindira kwisubiraho, tegereza imvura
Abafite imizabibu bizeye ko umusaruro w’imizabibu uzagaruka cyane nubwo ubushyuhe bwibasiye Ubufaransa, bakeka ko imvura yaguye mu gice cya kabiri Kanama.
Nk’uko Agreste, ikigo gishinzwe ibarurishamibare gishinzwe guhanura umusaruro wa divayi muri Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi, imizabibu yose yo mu Bufaransa izatangira gutoragura mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka.
Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara ku ya 9 Kanama yerekanaga ko Agreste iteganya ko umusaruro uzaba hagati ya miliyari 4.26 na miliyari 4.56 muri uyu mwaka, bihwanye no kwiyongera gukabije kwa 13% kugeza kuri 21% nyuma y’isarura ribi mu 2021. Niba iyi mibare yemejwe, Ubufaransa buzagarura u ugereranije mu myaka itanu ishize.
Ati: “Icyakora, niba amapfa ahujwe n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru akomeje mu gihe cyo gutoranya inzabibu, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kongera umusaruro.” Agreste yerekanye yitonze.
Nyir'imizabibu akaba na perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’umwuga ry’igihugu rya Cognac, Villar yavuze ko nubwo ubukonje bwo muri Mata n’urubura muri Kamena bitari byiza guhinga inzabibu, urugero rwari ruto. Nzi neza ko imvura izagwa nyuma yitariki ya 15 Kanama, kandi gutoranya ntibizatangira mbere yitariki ya 10 cyangwa 15 Nzeri.
Burgundy nayo itegereje imvura. Ati: “Kubera amapfa no kubura imvura, nahisemo gusubika umusaruro iminsi mike. Amazi 10mm gusa arahagije. Ibyumweru bibiri biri imbere ni ngombwa ”, ibi byavuzwe na Yu Bo, perezida wa federasiyo ya Vineyards ya Burgundy.
03 Ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi, buri hafi kubona ubwoko bushya bwinzabibu
Ibitangazamakuru byo mu Bufaransa “France24 ″ byatangaje ko muri Kanama 2021, inganda z’umuvinyu z’Abafaransa zashyizeho ingamba z’igihugu zo kurinda imizabibu n’aho zikorera, kandi impinduka zagiye zigenda ziyongera buhoro buhoro kuva icyo gihe.
Muri icyo gihe, inganda zikora divayi zigira uruhare runini, urugero, mu 2021, agaciro kwohereza mu mahanga divayi n’imyuka yo mu Bufaransa bizagera kuri miliyari 15.5 zama euro.
Natalie Orat, umaze imyaka icumi yiga ku ngaruka ziterwa n'ubushyuhe ku isi ku mizabibu, yagize ati: “Tugomba gukoresha neza ubwoko butandukanye bw'inzabibu. Mu Bufaransa hari ubwoko 400 bw'inzabibu, ariko ni kimwe cya gatatu cyabyo. 1. Ubwinshi bwubwoko bwinzabibu buribagirana kubera inyungu nke cyane. Muri ubwo bwoko bwamateka, amwe arashobora kuba akwiranye nikirere mumyaka iri imbere. Ati: "Bamwe, cyane cyane baturutse ku misozi, bakuze nyuma kandi basa nkaho bihanganira amapfa. “
Muri Isère, Nicolas Gonin kabuhariwe muri ubu bwoko bwinzabibu bwibagiwe. Kuri we, afite inyungu ebyiri ati: "Ibi bibafasha guhuza imigenzo yaho no gutanga divayi ifite imico nyayo". Ati: “Kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere, tugomba gushingira ibintu byose bitandukanye. … Muri ubu buryo, dushobora kwemeza umusaruro ndetse no mu gihe cy'ubukonje, amapfa ndetse n'ubushyuhe. ”
Gonin kandi akorana na Pierre Galet (CAAPG), ikigo cya Alpine Vineyard Centre, cyongeye gushyira ku rutonde 17 muri ubwo bwoko bw'inzabibu mu gitabo cy’igihugu, intambwe ikenewe yo kongera ubwo bwoko.
Natalie yagize ati: "Ubundi buryo ni ukujya mu mahanga gushaka ubwoko bw'inzabibu, cyane cyane muri Mediterane." Ati: “Muri 2009, Bordeaux yashinze uruzabibu rugeragezwa rufite ubwoko 52 bw'inzabibu buturuka mu Bufaransa no mu mahanga, cyane cyane ni Espagne na Porutugali kugira ngo bisuzume ubushobozi bwabyo.”
Ihitamo rya gatatu ni ubwoko bwimvange, bwahinduwe muri laboratoire kugirango barwanye neza amapfa cyangwa ubukonje. Impuguke yagize ati: "Iyi misaraba irimo gukorwa mu rwego rwo kurwanya indwara, kandi ubushakashatsi ku kurwanya amapfa n'ubukonje bwaragabanutse".
Inganda zikora divayi zizahinduka cyane
Ahandi, abahinzi ba divayi bahisemo guhindura igipimo. Kurugero, bamwe bahinduye ubucucike bwibibanza byabo kugirango bagabanye amazi, abandi batekereza gukoresha amazi yanduye kugirango bagaburire uburyo bwo kuhira, kandi abahinzi bamwe bashyize imirasire yizuba kumuzabibu kugirango imizabibu igicucu nayo ishobora kubyara. amashanyarazi.
Natalie yagize ati: "Abahinzi bashobora gutekereza no kwimura imirima yabo." Ati: “Isi izashyuha, uturere tumwe na tumwe tuzahinduka cyane mu guhinga inzabibu.
Uyu munsi, hamaze kugeragezwa abantu bato muri Brittany cyangwa Haute France. Niba inkunga ihari, ejo hazaza hasa naho hari icyizere mu myaka mike iri imbere, ”ibi bikaba byavuzwe na Laurent Odkin wo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’imizabibu na divayi mu Bufaransa (IFV).
Natalie asoza agira ati: “Mu 2050, inganda zikora divayi zizagenda zihinduka cyane, bitewe n'ibyavuye mu bigeragezo biri gukorwa mu gihugu hose. Ahari Burgundy, ikoresha ubwoko bumwe gusa bw'inzabibu muri iki gihe, mu gihe kiri imbere hazakoreshwa amoko menshi, kandi n'ahandi hantu hashya, dushobora kubona ahantu hashya hakura. ”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-02-2022