Bitewe n'intego ebyiri zo guharanira iterambere rirambye no gukoresha neza ikiguzi mu nganda zipakira, gupakira ikirahure birimo guhinduka mu buryo butuje ariko bukomeye. Ubwenge gakondo buvuga ko imbaraga z'icupa ry'ikirahure zijyanye neza n'uburemere bwaryo, ariko iri hame rikoreshwa mu buryo bw'umubiri ririmo gusenywa n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ryakoreshejwe n'ibigo bikomeye mpuzamahanga—gusiga bikomeza ubusoKugabanya ibiro kugeza kuri 30% mu gihe ukomeza cyangwa wongera imbaraga ntabwo bikiri igitekerezo cya laboratwari; byabaye nk'inganda zivugurura urusobe rw'ibicuruzwa ku isi.
I. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi: "Intwaro itagaragara" irenze uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso
Urufunguzo rw'iyi ntambwe ni ugushyira irangi rimwe cyangwa menshi mu macupa y'ibirahure ku gice gishyushye cyangwa ikindi gice gikonje nyuma yo gushushanya. Ubu si uburyo bworoshye bwo "gusiga irangi" ahubwo ni uburyo bugezweho bwo gushimangira ibikoresho:
• Gupfuka mu buryo bushyushye: Iyo amacupa akuwe mu ifuro kandi akiri ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 500–600, ifuro rya okiside y'icyuma rishingiye kuri okiside ya titaniyumu cyangwa okiside ya titaniyumu riterwa hejuru yaryo. Iri furo rifatana neza n'ikirahure, rikaba igice cy'ingenzi cyaryo kandi rikongera imbaraga z'icupa cyane.
•Igipfundikizo cy'ubukonje: Nyuma y'uko amacupa apfundikiwe kandi akonjeshwa, hakoreshwa irangi rikozwe muri polimeri z’umwimerere (urugero: polyethylene, aside oleic) cyangwa ishashi yihariye. Inshingano yaryo y'ibanze ni ugutanga amavuta meza cyane, bigabanya cyane gushwanyagurika no gushwanyagurika ku buso mu gihe cyo gukora no gutwara imiyoboro y’amazi—ibintu byangiritse bito ari byo bituma habaho kugabanuka k’ubudahangarwa bw’umuvuduko mu macupa y’ibirahure mu buryo bufatika.
Ingaruka zo guhuza izi myenda yombi ziha amacupa y'ibirahure "ingabo itagaragara", zituma ashobora kwihanganira igitutu cy'imbere, imitwaro ihagaze, n'inkuta ntoya.
II. Ingaruka zo kugabanya ibiro ku kigero cya 30%: Udushya twinshi kuva ku kugenzura ibiciro kugeza ku kugabanya ikirere cya karuboni
Inyungu zizanwa n'iri terambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ni gahunda:
1. Intsinzi ebyiri mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirereKugabanya ibiro 30% bivuze ko bigabanya cyane kandi bitaziguye ibikoresho fatizo (urugero, umucanga wa silica, ivu rya soda) n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu musaruro (urugero, umutwaro w'itanura). Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, mu gice cy'ibicuruzwa, buri kamyo ishobora gutwara ibicuruzwa byinshi, bikanoza imikorere myiza y'ubwikorezi no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ihumanya ikirere kuri buri gicuruzwa ku kigero cya 15-25%. Ibi byujuje intego zikomeye za Scope 3 zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere zashyizweho n'abafite ikirango ku isi.
2. Gutunganya imiterere y'ibiciro by'ibanzeKu bigo binini by’inzoga n’inzoga bifite umusaruro wa buri mwaka upimirwa muri za miriyari nyinshi, kuzigama amafaranga y’ibikoresho fatizo n’ubwikorezi biva mu macupa y’ibirahure byoroheje ni byinshi. Ibi bifasha gupakira ibirahure kugumana ibiciro bikomeye ugereranije n’ibindi bikoresho byoroheje nk’amacupa ya pulasitiki n’ay’aluminium.
3. Umutekano wongerewe n'uburambe ku bakoreshaAmacupa yoroshye atanga uburyo bwo gufata neza, cyane cyane iyo apfunyitse ahantu hanini. Hagati aho, ikoranabuhanga ryo kongera imbaraga rigabanya kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo kuzuza no gutembera, rikongera umutekano w'ibicuruzwa n'isura y'ikirango.
III. Ibikorwa by'Inganda: Irushanwa ry'Ikoranabuhanga mu Bihangange
Abayobozi ku isi mu gupfunyika ibirahuri bashishikajwe cyane n'uru rwego kandi barugeza ku bucuruzi:
•Ikoranabuhanga rya Johnson Matthey ryo gusiga irangi rya “Venture”yemewe n'inganda nyinshi zikomeye zikora inzoga n'ibinyobwa ku isi, itanga umusaruro ugaragara wo kugabanya ibiro.
•Owens-Illinois (OI), Itsinda rya Ardagh, kandi ibigo byinshi bikomeye byo mu gihugu byatangije amacupa yoroheje y'inzoga n'ibiribwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga nk'iryo ryo kongera imbaraga, byakunzwe cyane n'ibigo bigezweho.
Ubu ikoranabuhanga ubu ryahujwe cyane n'imiterere y'amacupa y'ibirahure (urugero, imiterere y'amacupa ifite patenti) hamwe n'imikorere yo gukora amacupa neza cyane, bigatuma habaho ingaruka nziza zikomeza gusunika imipaka y'uburemere.
IV. Imbogamizi n'icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
Gukwirakwiza iri koranabuhanga biracyafite imbogamizi: ikiguzi cyo gusiga ibikoresho fatizo, ibisabwa mu buryo buhamye mu kugenzura uburyo bwo gukora, ndetse no kugorana kwemeza ko gusiga byujuje ibisabwa byose ku bijyanye n'umutekano w'ibiribwa. Ibikorwa byo gusesengura no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kiri imbere bizibanda kuri ibi bikurikira:
•Ibikoresho byinshi byo gusiga bitangiza ibidukikije, nk'imyambaro ikoze mu buryo bwa bio-based coating-end coating.
•Sisitemu zo kugenzura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhangakugira ngo habeho igenzura ry’uburyo irangi ringana n’imikorere yaryo mu buryo nyabwo.
•Amarangi afite imikorere myinshibikubiyemo imiterere irwanya ibihimbano, irwanya bagiteri, cyangwa imiterere y'ibirango.
Icupa ry'ikirahure "ryoroshye ariko rikomeye" rigaragaza intambwe urwego rw'ubuhanga mu gupakira rwateye kuva mu gihe cyo "gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi" rukagera ku "gukomeza neza". Si intsinzi y'ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho gusa, ahubwo ni n'icyitegererezo cy'uburyo burambye bw'ubucuruzi. Ku ba nyir'ibirango, guhitamo gupakira ibintu bishya bivuze kugumana imiterere y'ibirahure n'akamaro kabyo ko kongera gukoreshwa 100% mu buryo butagira umupaka, mu gihe bizagira igikoresho gikomeye cyo kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kugenzura ikiguzi. Iyi mpinduramatwara yoroheje iyobowe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga irangi irimo gusobanura uburyo bwo guhatana mu gupakira ibirahure mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 19-2026