Iterambere rishya mubushakashatsi bwo kurwanya gusaza ibikoresho byibirahure

Vuba aha, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubukanishi ry’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa ryakoranye n’abashakashatsi mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga kugira ngo batere intambwe nshya mu kurwanya gusaza ibikoresho by’ibirahure, kandi ku nshuro yabo ya mbere bagerageza kumenya imiterere y’urubyiruko cyane rw’ikirahuri gisanzwe cyuma muri igipimo cyihuta cyane. Ibisubizo bifitanye isano byiswe Ultrafast kuvugurura cyane ibirahuri byuma byatewe no guhungabana, byasohotse muri Science Advances (Science Advances 5: eaaw6249 (2019)).

Ibikoresho byikirahure byoroshye bifite imyumvire yo gusaza bidatinze kuri leta ya termodinamike iringaniye, kandi mugihe kimwe, iherekezwa no kwangirika kwimitungo. Nyamara, binyuze mu kwinjiza ingufu zo hanze, ibintu byikirahure bishaje birashobora kuvugurura imiterere (kuvugurura). Iyi gahunda yo kurwanya gusaza kuruhande rumwe igira uruhare mubwumvikane bwibanze bwimyitwarire igoye yikirahure, kurundi ruhande nayo ifasha mubikorwa byubwubatsi bwibikoresho byibirahure. Mu myaka yashize, kubikoresho byikirahure byuma bifite ibyifuzo byinshi, hashyizweho uburyo bwuburyo bushya bwo kuvugurura imiterere bushingiye ku guhindura imiterere ya non-affine hagamijwe kugenzura neza imiterere nubukorikori bwibikoresho. Nyamara, uburyo bwose bwambere bwo kuvugurura bukora kurwego rwo hasi kandi bisaba umwanya muremure bihagije, bityo bikagira aho bigarukira.

Abashakashatsi bashingiye ku buhanga bubiri bwa tekinoroji y’icyuma cy’ibikoresho bya gaze ya gaze yoroheje, bamenye ko ikirahuri gisanzwe cya zirconium gishingiye ku cyuma cyahise gisubira mu rwego rwo hejuru muri nanosekondi zigera kuri 365 (miliyoni imwe y’igihe bifata kugira ngo umuntu ahumeke an ijisho). Enthalpy irahungabanye cyane. Ikibazo cyubu buhanga ni ugukoresha GPa nyinshi murwego rumwe rukora imizigo hamwe no gupakurura byikora byigihe gito mubirahuri byuma, kugirango wirinde kunanirwa gukabije kwibikoresho nkibikoresho byo gukata no gutemba; icyarimwe, mugucunga umuvuduko wingaruka za flair, icyuma Kuvugurura byihuse byikirahure "bikonja" murwego rutandukanye.

Abashakashatsi bakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku buryo bwihuse bwo kuvugurura ibirahuri by'ibyuma bivuye mu buryo bwa termodinamike, imiterere myinshi hamwe na fonone dinamike “Bose peak”, bagaragaza ko kuvugurura imiterere y'ibirahure biva mu masoko ya nano. Ingano yubuntu iterwa nuburyo bwa "shear transition". Ukurikije ubu buryo bwumubiri, hasobanuwe umubare wa Deborah utagira urugero, usobanura ko bishoboka ko igipimo cyigihe cyo kuvugurura ultra-yihuta yikirahure cyuma. Aka kazi kongereye igihe cyo kuvugurura ibyuma byububiko byububiko byibuze byibuze 10 byubunini, byagura imirima ikoreshwa yubwoko bwibikoresho, kandi byongera abantu gusobanukirwa nimbaraga za ultrafast zikirahure.