Impinduka mubisabwa ku isoko gakondo hamwe nigitutu cyibidukikije nibibazo bibiri byingenzi byugarije inganda z ibirahure bya buri munsi, kandi umurimo wo guhindura no kuzamura biragoye. “Mu nama ya kabiri y'Inama ya karindwi y'Ishyirahamwe ry'Ubushinwa Daily Glass Association ryabaye mu minsi yashize, umuyobozi w'iryo shyirahamwe Meng
Lingyan yavuze ko Ubushinwa bukoresha ibirahuri buri munsi byiyongera mu myaka 17 ikurikiranye. Nubwo inganda zahuye ningorane nintambara, gukomeza kuzamuka ntabwo byahindutse.
gukanda inshuro nyinshi
Byumvikane ko imikorere yimikorere yinganda zikoreshwa buri munsi muri 2014 zabaye "izamuka rimwe nigwa rimwe", ni ukuvuga kwiyongera kumusaruro, kwiyongera kwinyungu, no kugabanuka kwinyungu zinjiza mubucuruzi bukuru, ariko muri rusange imikorere ikora iracyari murwego rwiza rwo gukura.
Ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro bufitanye isano rya hafi nibintu nkingaruka ziterwa nisoko ryabaguzi no guhindura imiterere mumyaka yashize. Ubwiyongere bw'inyungu n'inyungu z'inyungu zinjira mu bucuruzi bwaragabanutse, ku buryo runaka byerekana ko igiciro cyo kugurisha ibicuruzwa cyagabanutse, kandi amarushanwa ku isoko yarushijeho kwiyongera; ibiciro bitandukanye byikigo byiyongereye, kandi inyungu yagabanutse.
Ubwiyongere bwa mbere bubi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze biterwa ahanini nimpamvu zikurikira. Icya mbere, inganda ziyongera cyane mubushobozi bwumusaruro byatumye habaho guhatana gukabije kubiciro byoherezwa hanze; icya kabiri, kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'ibikorwa; icya gatatu, cyibasiwe n’ibibazo by’amafaranga, ibigo byabanje gukora ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byerekeje ku isoko ry’iterambere ry’imbere mu gihugu.
Meng Lingyan yavuze ko mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, inganda zabaye mbi cyane kurusha umwaka ushize. Iterambere ryinganda rihura nimbogamizi, kandi umurimo wo guhindura no kuzamura biragoye. By'umwihariko, ibibazo byo kurengera ibidukikije bifitanye isano no kubaho kw'inganda n'inganda. Kuri iyi ngingo, ntitugomba kubifata nabi cyangwa ngo twicare.
Kugeza ubu, inganda zo mu rwego rwo hasi zitanga isoko, amasoko yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ntahagije, ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya ntabwo bukomeye, intege nke kandi ziratatanye, ubuziranenge buke ndetse n’igiciro gito, ibibazo by’abahuje ibitsina, ubwinshi bw’imiterere y’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro, no kongera umusaruro w’ibikoresho n’ubufasha. ibikoresho nibiciro byakazi bigira ingaruka mubukungu rusange bwinganda. Ibintu byingenzi byubuziranenge bwibikorwa no gukora neza.
Muri icyo gihe, umurimo wo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya biragoye cyane kubera umutungo ugenda ukomera ndetse n’ibidukikije. Inzitizi z’icyatsi kibisi mu bihugu byateye imbere ndetse n’igihugu cyanjye kigamije kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byatumye inganda zihura n’ingutu ebyiri zo kubungabunga ingufu, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya n’imihindagurikire y’isoko. Gukanda inshuro nyinshi bigerageza kwihangana kwinganda no kwihangana.
Meng Lingyan yizera ko ukurikije uko isoko ryifashe muri iki gihe ndetse n’icyerekezo cya politiki, cyane cyane politiki rusange yo kurengera ibidukikije, kubuza kwagura ubushobozi buke bwo kongera umusaruro, guhuza imiterere y’ibicuruzwa, guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byihariye, ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro, no kongera ingufu mu nganda ni inganda. Igikorwa cyihutirwa gihura nacyo.
Inzira nziza ntabwo yahindutse
Meng Lingyan yavuze yeruye ko inganda zikoresha ibirahuri buri munsi zihura nigihe cyububabare, guhinduka no guhinduka, ariko ibibazo biriho nibibazo byiyongera. Inganda ziracyari mugihe cyamahirwe yingamba zishobora gutera imbere cyane. Ikirahure-burimunsi-kiracyari ibyiringiro cyane. Imwe mu nganda zinganda, birakenewe kubona ibintu byiza byiterambere ryinganda.
Kuva mu 1998, ibicuruzwa biva mu kirahure bikoreshwa buri munsi byari toni miliyoni 5.66, bifite agaciro ka miliyari 13.77. Muri 2014, umusaruro wari toni miliyoni 27.99, hamwe n’umusaruro wa miliyari 166.1. Inganda zimaze gutera imbere mu myaka 17 ikurikiranye, kandi gukomeza kuzamuka ntabwo byahindutse. . Buri mwaka umuturage ukoresha ibirahuri bya buri munsi yiyongereye kuva ku kilo gito kugeza ku kilo birenga icumi. Niba umuturage akoresha buri mwaka yiyongereyeho kilo 1-5, isoko ryiyongera cyane.
Meng Lingyan yavuze ko ibicuruzwa bikoresha ibirahuri bikoreshwa buri munsi bikungahaye ku moko, bitandukanye, kandi bifite imiti myiza kandi yizewe y’imiti ihagaze neza. Ubwiza bwibirimo burashobora kugaragara neza kandi ibiranga ibirimo ntibihumanya, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa kandi bigasubirwamo. Ibicuruzwa bidahumanya bizwi nkibikoresho byo gupakira bifite umutekano, icyatsi n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije mu bihugu bitandukanye.
Hamwe no kumenyekanisha ibintu by'ibanze n'umuco by'ibirahuri bikoreshwa buri munsi, abaguzi barushijeho kumenya ibirahuri nk'ibikoresho byo gupakira neza. By'umwihariko, isoko ry’amacupa y’ibinyobwa by’ibirahure, amacupa y’amazi y’amazi, ibinyampeke n’amavuta, ibigega byo kubikamo, amata mashya, amacupa ya yogurt, ibikoresho byo mu kirahure, icyayi, hamwe n’ibikoresho by’amazi ni binini. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, uburyo bwo gukura kw'amacupa y'ibinyobwa by'ibirahure buratanga ikizere. By'umwihariko, umusaruro wa soda ya Arctic i Beijing wikubye inshuro eshatu kandi urabura, kimwe na soda i Shanhaiguan muri Tianjin. Isoko ryibikoresho byo kubika ibirahuri nabyo biratera ubwoba. Imibare irerekana ko mu 2014, umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa by’ibirahure bikoreshwa buri munsi hamwe n’ibikoresho bipakira ibirahuri byari toni 27,998.600, byiyongereyeho 40.47% mu mwaka wa 2010, ugereranyije buri mwaka wiyongereyeho 8.86%.
Kwihutisha guhinduka no kuzamura
Meng Lingyan yavuze ko uyu mwaka ari umwaka wanyuma wa “Gahunda y'Imyaka cumi n'itanu”. Mugihe cy "Gahunda ya Cumi na Gatatu Yimyaka cumi n'itanu", inganda zikirahure za buri munsi zizagira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ubukungu buke bwa karubone, icyatsi, ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, nubukungu bwizunguruka.
Muri iyo nama, Zhao Wanbang, umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’ibirahure by’Ubushinwa, yasohoye “Igitekerezo cyo kuyobora gahunda y’imyaka cumi n'itanu y’igitekerezo cyo guteza imbere gahunda yo gukoresha buri munsi inganda zikoresha ibirahure (Umushinga wo gutanga ibitekerezo)”.
“Ibitekerezo” byasabye ko mu gihe cya “Gahunda y'Imyaka cumi n'itatu n'itanu”, ari ngombwa kwihutisha ihinduka ry'uburyo bwiterambere ry'ubukungu no kuzamura urwego rw'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda. Gutezimbere cyane tekinoroji yoroheje yo gukora amacupa n'ibirahure; guteza imbere itanura rizigama kandi ryangiza ibidukikije hakurikijwe ibipimo bijyanye nibisobanuro byerekana itanura ryo gushonga; guteza imbere cyane imyanda (cullet) ibirahuri byongera gukoreshwa no kongera gukoresha, no kunoza imyanda (cullet) gutunganya ibirahuri no gutegura ibyiciro Ubwiza no kuzamura urwego rwo gukoresha neza umutungo.
Komeza gushyira mubikorwa inganda kugirango uteze imbere kuzamura no kuzamura imiterere yinganda. Kuringaniza imyitwarire yishoramari munganda zikora ibirahuri bya buri munsi, guhagarika ishoramari rihumye nubwubatsi buke buke, kandi ukureho ubushobozi bwashaje. Gabanya cyane imishinga icupa rya thermos, kandi ugenzure byimazeyo imishinga mishya yo gukora ibirahuri bya buri munsi muburasirazuba no hagati ndetse no mubice bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora cyane. Umushinga wubatswe mushya ugomba kuba wujuje igipimo cy’umusaruro, imiterere y’umusaruro, ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho bisabwa kugira ngo bigerweho, kandi bigashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Hindura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa kugirango ubone isoko. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kuzamura ibyifuzo by’abaguzi bo mu gihugu, guteza imbere cyane amacupa y’ibirahure yoroheje n’ibikarito, amacupa yinzoga yijimye, ibirahuri by’imiti bidafite aho bibogamiye, ibirahuri birebire byangiza ibirahure, ibirahure byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibirahure bya kirahure, ibihangano by’ibirahure, hamwe n’ubusa Ikirahure cyiza cya kirahure, ubwoko bwihariye bwikirahure, nibindi, byongera amabara atandukanye, byongera agaciro kongerewe kubicuruzwa, kandi byujuje ibyifuzo byibicuruzwa bipfunyika ibirahure mubikoresha ndetse ninganda zo hasi nko kurya, vino, nubuvuzi.
Gutezimbere cyane inganda zinganda zinganda zikora nkimashini zikirahure, gukora ibirahuri, ibikoresho bivunika, glazes, na pigment. Wibande ku iterambere rya elegitoroniki ya servo yumurongo wo gukora amacupa, imashini zikoresha ibirahure, imashini zivuza, imashini zikubita, ibikoresho bipakira ibirahure, ibikoresho byo gupima kumurongo, nibindi bitezimbere urwego rwibikoresho byibirahure bya buri munsi; guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya byujuje ubuziranenge, gutunganya neza, hamwe nubuzima burebure bwa Glass molds; guteza imbere ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge nibikoresho byubaka kugirango ukoreshe buri munsi gukoresha ibirahuri bizigama kandi bitangiza ibidukikije hamwe n’itanura ry’amashanyarazi; guteza imbere kurengera ibidukikije, ibirahuri by'ubushyuhe buke, ibirahure nibindi bikoresho bifasha ninyongera; guteza imbere burimunsi-gukoresha ibirahuri bitunganya mudasobwa Sisitemu yo kugenzura. Gushimangira ubufatanye nubufatanye hagati yinganda zikora ibirahuri bya buri munsi no gutera inkunga imishinga, no gufatanya guteza imbere urwego rwibikoresho bya tekiniki byinganda.
Muri iyo nama, Ishyirahamwe ry’ibirahure by’Ubushinwa ryashimye kandi “Ibigo icumi bya mbere mu Bushinwa mu nganda z’ibirahure bya buri munsi”, “Abagore bo mu Bushinwa mu nganda z’ibirahure bya buri munsi”, n '“Uhagarariye indashyikirwa mu gisekuru cya kabiri cy’Ubushinwa Daily Glass Industry”.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-19-2021