Impinduka mumikazo gakondo nibidukikije nibibazo bibiri byingenzi guhura ninganda zumunsi, kandi inshingano yo guhinduka no kuzamura biragoye. "Mu nama ya kabiri y'inama ya karindwi y'ishyirahamwe ry'Ubushinwa ryakozwe mu minsi yikirahure rya buri munsi, umuyobozi w'ishyirahamwe Meng
Lingyan yavuze ko inganda za buri munsi y'Ubushinwa zahinze mu myaka 17 ikurikiranye. Nubwo inganda zahuye n'ingorane n'intoki, inzira yo kuzamuka hejuru ntabwo yahindutse.
gukanda byinshi
Byumvikane ko ibikorwa byo gukora byinganda z'ikirahuri buri munsi muri 2014 ni "umwe waguye kandi, ni ukuvuga ko ugenda wiyongera, kandi ugabanuka mu nyungu rusange y'ingabo z'ingenzi z'ubucuruzi.
Kwiyongera mu mikorere yumusaruro bifitanye isano rya bugufi nibintu nkibintu byinshi byisoko ryabaguzi hamwe nibisobanuro byubaka mumyaka yashize. Ubwiyongere bwinyungu hamwe ninyungu zinjiza amafaranga nkuru yubucuruzi yagabanutse, kuburyo runaka bwerekana ko igiciro cyibicuruzwa cyaguye, kandi amarushanwa yisoko yarushijeho gukabije; Ibiciro bitandukanye byurugomo byariyongereye, kandi inyungu yararagabanutse.
Iterambere ryambere ribi mugutanga ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biterwa ahanini nibintu bikurikira. Ubwa mbere, Inganda Kwagura cyane ubushobozi bwumusaruro byatumye habaho amarushanwa akaze mu mahanga; kabiri, kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'imikorere; Icya gatatu, byatewe nikibazo cyimari, amasosiyete ahita ahindukirira isoko ryiterambere ryimbere mu ngo.
Meng Lingyan yavuze ko mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, ikibazo cy'inganda cyari kinini cyane kuruta umwaka ushize. Gutezimbere inganda bireba inzitizi, kandi umurimo wo guhindura no kuzamura biragoye. By'umwihariko, ibibazo byo kurengera ibidukikije bifitanye isano no gusohoza inganda n'inzenguzi. Ni muri urwo rwego, ntitugomba kubifata byoroheje cyangwa kwicara.
Kugeza ubu, inganda zo mu nganda zirenze urugero, urwego rwo hejuru rudahagije, rudashoboye rwose ntabwo rukomeye, rufite ubuziranenge bwibikorwa bibitangaza, kandi byiyongera kubikoresho bibisi hamwe nibikoresho byingenzi nibikoresho byumurimo nibiciro byumurimo bigira ingaruka kubukungu rusange bwinganda. Ibintu byingenzi byo gukora ubuziranenge bukora no gukora neza.
Muri icyo gihe, umurimo wo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanuka kwuzuye biragoye cyane kubera ibikoresho bikomeye bishimangirwa nibidukikije. Inzitizi z'icyatsi mu bihugu byateye imbere kandi igihugu cyanjye cyo kugabanya ibicuruzwa cyatumye inganda zihura n'ibibazo bibiri byo kubungabunga ingufu zibungabunga ingufu, kugabanuka kwuzuye no guhindura isoko. Abanyenduga benshi bagerageza kwihangana no kwihangana.
Meng Lingyan yemera ko ukurikije imiterere yisoko ryaho hamwe nicyerekezo cya politiki, cyane cyane Politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije, kwirinda ibicuruzwa byihariye, bitezimbere ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, no kongera ibitekerezo byagaciro biracyari inganda ziracyari inganda ziracyafite umutekano. Umurimo wihutirwa ureba.
Inzira nziza ntabwo yahindutse
Meng Lingyan yavuze yeruye ko inganda z'ikirahuri buri munsi zihuye nigihe cyo kubabara, guhinduka no guhinduka, ariko ibibazo biriho ni ibibazo bikura. Inganda ziracyari mugihe cyamahirwe yibikorwa bishobora gutera imbere cyane. Ikirahure cya buri munsi kiracyari gisezerana cyane. Imwe mu nganda, ni ngombwa kubona ibintu byiza byo guteza imbere inganda.
Kuva mu 1998, ibisohoka byo gukoresha ibirahuri bya buri munsi byari toni miliyoni 5.66, bifite agaciro kakuru ka miliyari 13.77. Muri 2014, ibisohoka byari toni miliyoni 27,99, bifite agaciro kavuzwe ka miliyoni 166.1 za miliyari 166.1 za miliyari 166.1. Inganda zageze ku iterambere ryiza kumyaka 17 ikurikiranye, kandi gukomeza kumurongo wo hejuru ntibyahindutse. . Buri mwaka wakoresheje umuturage wikirahure cya buri munsi yiyongereye kuva mu kirondi kugeza ku kilo zirenga icumi. Niba uwakoresheje buri mwaka yiyongera na kilo 1-5, ibyifuzo byisoko biziyongera cyane.
Meng Lingyan yavuze ko buri munsi ukoresha ibirahuri buri munsi bikungahaye mubwoko, bitandukanye, kandi bifite umutekano mwiza kandi wizewe kandi wizewe. Ubwiza bwibirimo burashobora kugaragara mu buryo butaziguye kandi ibiranga ibirimo ntabwo bihumanywa, kandi birasubirwamo kandi bisubirwamo. Ibicuruzwa bidahumanya bizwi nkumutekano, icyatsi nibidukikije mubidukikije mubihugu bitandukanye.
Hamwe no gukerekana ibimenyetso byibanze n'umuco wo gukoresha ikirahure buri munsi, abaguzi barushijeho kumenya ibirahuri nkibikoresho bipakira ibiryo. By'umwihariko, isoko ry'icupa ry'ikirahure, amacupa y'amazi y'amazi, amacupa n'amavuta, amata mashya, amacupa ya yogurt, icyayi, icyayi, n'ibikoresho by'amazi ni binini. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, imikurire yamacupa yikirahure atanga ikizere. By'umwihariko, umusaruro wa soda ya Arctic muri Beijing wa gatatu kandi utaratanga, kimwe na soda muri Shanhaiguan muri Tianjin. Isoko risaba ibigega byabashakisha ibirahuri nabyo biragoye. Amakuru yerekana ko muri 2014, ibisohoka byo gukoresha ibirahuri bya buri munsi hamwe nibikoresho byo gupakira ibirahuri hamwe nibikoresho bipakira ibirahuri byahoze ari toni 27,99,600, ubwiyongere bwa 40.47%.
Guhindura byihuse no kuzamura
Meng Lingyan yavuze ko uyu mwaka ari umwaka ushize wa "cumi na kabiri w'imyaka itanu". Mugihe c'Umwaka cya cumi na gatatu ", inganda z'ikirahure cya buri munsi zizagira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'akabatsi muto, icyatsi, ikidukikije, ibidukikije, n'ubukungu bizenguruka.
Muri iyo nama, Zhao Wanjang, umunyamabanga mukuru w'Ubushinwa Ishyirahamwe ry'ikirahure bwa buri munsi, yatanze ibitekerezo bya "cumi na gatatu, gahunda yo guteza imbere iterambere rya buri munsi bwo gukoresha inganda z'ikirahure)".
"Ibitekerezo" byasabwe ko mu gihe cya "cumi na gatatu w'imyaka itanu.", Birakenewe kwihutisha guhindura uburyo bwo guteza imbere ubukungu no kunoza urwego rwiterambere ryikoranabuhanga mu nganda. Gutezimbere cyane ikoranabuhanga ryoroheje kumacupa nimboga; Gutezimbere ingufu-zizigama Ibidukikije Ibidukikije hakurikijwe ibipimo nibisobanuro byibirahure bishonga itanura; Gutezimbere cyane imyanda (cullet) Gusubiramo ikirahure no kongera gutunganya, no kunoza imyanda (cullet) gutunganya ibirahure hamwe no gutegura ubuziranenge bwo gutegura neza no kunoza urwego rwimikoreshereze yumutungo.
Komeza gushyira mu bikorwa inganda zo guteza imbere uburyo bwo guhitamo no kuzamura inganda. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ishoramari mu nganda z'ikirahure cya buri munsi, guhagarika ishoramari rihumye no kubaka hasi mu nyubako nkeya, kandi ukureho ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro. Gabanya cyane imishinga mishya ya TORMOS Icupa, kandi igenzura cyane imishinga mishya yumusaruro wa buri munsi muburasirazuba no hagati hamwe nubushobozi bwimikorere yihariye. Imishinga yumusaruro mushya yubatswe igomba kuba yujuje igipimo cyumusaruro, umusaruro, gutunganya ibikoresho nibikoresho bisabwa nibikorwa byo kuzigama no kuzigama no kugaburira imbaraga no kugaburira imbaraga no kumeneka.
Hindura imiterere yibicuruzwa kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byisoko. Dukurikije uburyo bwo kuzamura umuguzi mu gihugu, guteza imbere amacupa yoroheje n'amabati, amacunga y'ikirahure, ibirahuri binyuranyije n'ikirahure. Gupakira ibicuruzwa mubyiciro nibiryo nkibiryo, vino, nubuvuzi.
Gutezimbere cyane inganda zifata inganda zipiganwa nkimashini yikirahure, ingamba zo gutunganya ibirahure, ibikoresho byo kugandumira, glazes, na pigment. Wibande ku iterambere ry'icupa rya servoronike umurongo w'amacupa, imashini z'ibirahure, imashini zivuza imashini zivuza, ibikoresho byo gupakira ibirahuri, ibikoresho byo kugerageza kuri interineti, n'ibiryo byo kunoza ibikoresho bya buri munsi; Teza imbere ibikoresho bishya byujuje ubuziranenge, Ubwukuri bwo gutunganya neza, hamwe nubuzima burebure bwubuzima bwikirahure; Teza imbere ibikoresho byubuzima bworoshye hamwe nibikoresho byo kubaka kugirango ukore buri munsi-Gukoresha Ikirahure-Kuzigama Ibidukikije hamwe nibibi byikirahure nibikoresho byose byamashanyarazi; Gutezimbere uburinzi bwibidukikije, ubushyuhe buke-bwirahure glazes, pigment nibindi bikoresho bifasha hamwe nibikotezi; Teza imbere buri munsi-Koresha Ikirahure Umusaruro wa mudasobwa Mudasobwa. Komeza guhuza no gukoranye hagati yimishinga yumuntu wa buri munsi kandi ishyigikira ibigo, no guteza imbere uburyo bwo guteza imbere urwego rwa tekiniki rwinganda.
Muri iyo nama, Ubushinwa buri munsi Ikirahure cyakomeje kandi "imishinga icumi ya mbere mu Bushinwa Inganda z'ikirahure", "Abagore mu Bushinwa buri munsi", kandi "Abahagarariye Igisekuru cya kabiri cy'Ubushinwa Inganda z'ikirahure."
Igihe cya nyuma: Nov-19-2021